CCT333_Labs_2011

**Lab Assignments **
Tutorial 10 Wiki Questions:

1)

Ergonomics is the discipline that determines the fit between humans and their work place. The workplace is ultimately to be designed that makes the worker efficient and stayed in a healthy state. Understanding the relationship between the work and his her/environment is also the study of ergonomics. This could include have a chair properly heightened chair and desk ratio.

Other examples of ergonomic workplace tools could include having a non-glare computer screen to not strain the eyes. To have a chair with comfortable padding to take the pressure off of sitting for long periods of time. There are specialized ergonomic places that you can buy ergonomic furniture and tools to make the environment more safer.

The end goal of having an ergonomic work environment is create a relationship between the worker and his/her tool to keep them as safe as possible while being efficient. When an individual is “ergonomically healthy” they do better in the work environment and their work is reflected. It actually increases their work capabilities. Body storming is a way to determine ergonomics for all spectrums of individuals with different thresholds.

2)

The “Gilbreth system of motion analysis” is a study where Gilbreth watched the bricklayer process. He watched the workers and their actions. He wanted to increase efficiency by minimizing the need for unnecessary movements. By doing this, he took out the action where the work has to bend down and not hurt his/her back. He categorized every movement to make it work safer and faster.

Henry Ford was influenced by the efficiency expert, Frederick Taylor who used the stop watch to monitor the factory work. The idea was to measure every action to determine where improvements could be made to make the work get done faster. Taylorism is the measurement of time in stop motion studies. Taylor’s research is what inspired Ford to bring his production to his factory.

This entail resulted in faster results, thus cheaper cars and higher wages for factory workers. One of his main applications from Taylorism is the change of the conveyor belt. Because the work was going so fast, people had to work fast so people were being used and worn out. This meant that there was a high turn over, but people wanted to work to earn unheard wages.

3)

What are the four basic principles of McDonaldization?

Non-human technology – putting more emphasis on technologies instead of humans Calculability – The ability to measure Predictability – The same measures in every process Efficiency – To do work in the fastest and cheapest way possible

Tutorial 9 Wiki Questions:

**According to the slideshow by Sylvain Cottong, who is an employee at [|http://www.integratedplace.com], describe the tools and methods of 'service design' (2 paragraphs**).

Service design is to create something to be more “useful, usable & desirable” (Cottong) for users while creating something that is “efficient, effective and valuable” for myself. The tools and methods of service design includes, personas, user studies and ethnography. These studies determine the user’s characteristics to understand their needs and wants. One method (participatory design) finds the user’s “conscious and latent needs” (Cottong). The users participate in a workshop.

In conclusion, ideation, context mapping, and participatory design are all tools that reveal the users needs and wants. Another method is called “service prototyping” (Cottong) which shows a progression (storyboard) that reenacts a real world experience simulation. This is used to improve the accuracy of the thinking and predictions of the service experience. By studying a type of action, one can see the chain of effects when reenacting service prototyping. This is especially helpful for testers to use this method when the option of having a real life prototyping experience is not possible.


 * From your personal experience, what would be a scenario in which these methods would be useful? (2 paragraphs **

From my experience, I think these methods would be useful in parking spots. As a driver, I find it quite frustrating driving downtown Toronto and not knowing where any spots are available. I would also like to know what spots are available. By using these techniques, the user can determine what else users want from the experience. They could use participatory design to set up users to drive around the parking lot and document their frustrations. They can then introduce solutions to determine if it made the individual feel more at easer. Once the needs and wants of the user has been established, further design could be implemented.

Designers can use service blueprinting to maximize the most efficient parking design. By having a physical blueprint layed out, it makes the process feel more real. Another method they could use is service prototyping is see the service experience meets the standards of the users and to have a physical mapping.

Biblography: [|UX design, service design and design thinking], Sylvian Cottong. []


 * Lab 8:**

//Describe how Natalie Jeremijenko has based her research on "new technologies are an opportunity for social transformation" to perform "small actions that can amount to a significant effect to improve local environmental health".// //Tip: Opening up TED's interactive transcript is very helpful to understand her talk and also looking over her web site on the Environmental Health at Clinic at[]. (2 paragraphs)//

Based on Natalie Jeremijenko’s research, she defines the health on the effect of local environmental health. She believes that environmental health has a profound affect on someone’s health and this is often overlooked. She believes that someone’s personal DNA make up is the sole reason to how healthy they are or not. Therefore her clinic in NYU is different than the regular health clinic we think of. She gives advice to patients on how to change their external environment to better improve their health. She gives out advice instead of giving prescriptions to patients where she says that “half of Manhattan is on anti-depressants”.

She uses new technologies to change the way people think about their daily behaviours and how they could improve it. For example, she thought it was a good idea to rip out pavement where there is fire hydrants (people cannot park there anyways) and create and bio diverse environments for organisms to live in. The space is being utilized. Instead of being empty space, the space takes away harsh chemicals that a built up in the streets where the grass and flowers could improve the environment.

//Choose two projects on HowStuffisMade at [] and write about how they are made. (1 paragraph each/2 paragraphs)//


 * Fortune Cookies**

The ingredients of fortune cookies are actually quite simple where the cookies only contain, eggs, sugar, flour, and water. It is how the cookie is designed where it is more complex. The cookies have an “unusual folded shape” to hold the piece of paper where it holds the “fortune”. The cookies are baked into the desired shape where they are held and the fortune paper is inserted. The cookies are than inspected by a worker to make sure the fortunes at properly inserted into the cookies.


 * Del Gelato**

Ingredients are first prepared before they are inserted into the gelato. Next, the gelato is created from a batch freezer which also holds the flavor created previous. The gelato is placed into a container ready to be served. The store owner then personally hand writes all the gelato information on the label for the personal touch. The gelato is then placed in the basement for storage and ready to be delivered to stores who purchase the gelato.

//Why is it important that we understand how stuff is made as part of our systems analysis and design process? (1 paragraph)// //﻿// It is important to understand the complete process of how something is created to determine the possibility of improvement. This could include financially, if there are any steps in the environment that could be fixed, and any improvements to the product’s design. By understanding the complete steps and process, there may be small gaps in some of the steps. It is important to complete a full analyst to determine any hidden needs not addressed. Simplifying a process can be beneficial to the overall process.


 * Lab 7: **

Describe how he defines 'design as a collaborative process', and cite two examples of how creators involve the people they want to create for in their work, according to Bill Moggridge's lecture. (1 paragraph each/3 paragraphs)

In Bill Moggridge’s lecture, he defines “design as a collaborative process” a method to which design is successful when it is a collaborative effort. He explains the changes in our design principles, active involvement of consumers, and changing content design. He believes that it is not enough for designers to simply design shapes of a product but to understand the need for the product according to consumers. To understand the details needed to make the consumer’s life easier. To create a successful product, people should work together, discuss and collaborate experiences to have the most successful product.

Ways of achieving this is through participatory design where the designer and potential user both work together to create something each on his/her own could not. Moggridge used the example of the surgeon where he adds value to the team to become part of the project. The surgeon is using the product so he/she is the best person to collaborate with.

Brainstorming is a great way to create a conversation flow. Using individuals from different backgrounds creates the greatest discussion and therefore greatest levels of success.

Not only having suggestions is key but being to observe a situation and draw conclusions from the observation is important. By watching and learning from users who will be using the product gives hints to better designs purposes.



TalentEgg.ca users collaboration and discussion of students to come to a goal and solution. They have a section called “Discussion” where users can come together and discuss and critique resumes and cover letters. The site is user-generated and many opinions are discussed. Users can both provide feed-back and receive advice to attain the best type of industry related resume and cover letter.

Users can then take the advice and perfect it, hoping to land the dream job. It creates interest, and feedback.

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** CCT333 Tutorial 6 Wiki Question: **

Look over examples of her biomimetic principles applied to products in the slideshow located at [] and write a short, one paragraph synopsis for each of your three favourite product designs. Describe why you like the design in your responses.

Keeping the Bugs Out

There is so pandemic when it comes to antibiotics and the creation of stronger bacteria. Therefore having an antibacterial film that Biosignal created could prevent many health issues while treating current issues. I found this design quite interesting because I think it could be applied to other sciences such as baby cream or other sensitive body areas.

Low-Energy Carbon Sequestration

This science could completely revolutionize the way we view our way. By researching the way plants use CO2 to their benefit and creating a way to transform it in a different medium is what has been shown to be quite successful according to Monmouth Junction. I like this example because it draws on natural examples to create a more balanced “air like” society. I am excited to see if this type of process will be applied to other parts the world that dealing with pollution issues.

Echolocation

I think the technology is so interesting because of simple its design is. Echolocation is one of those technologies that we learn as children and it just makes sense when it is applied to a technology that helps blind people travel. The individual can be more independent and rely on a more scientifically proven product that works. Seeing eye dogs are great but they are still animals that could make mistakes. These canes can be a more inexpensive and convenient way of travel.

Source:

http://images.businessweek.com/ss/08/02/0209_green_biomimic/index_01.htm


 * Lab 5**

Bodystorming can be thought as collecting data based on behaving on the research subject. By learning the capabilities and challenges the subject goes through helps increase the understanding vital to designing a product to help the subject. People may think they know and understand what an individual with a disability feels but they do not get the whole picture until going it through themselves. It may not even be a disability, but simply having a different characteristic.

It could be thought as an interaction design. By using your own body, you can open up and have different discussions based on your observations. The idea is to understand a function by having the actors (people using their body) to figure things out through action. This is done through improvising the experience. One could set up a situation to see how the events roll out. The actors then behave through different series to see how the event will take place. This could include conversation, actions, consequences etc.

The next process would be to reflect on what happened and why. This is extremely important because once all the events have taken place, it important to reflect and understand the context the events rolled out in. By watching yourself and others, you can then take another way observing the participation.

//Diagram Lab - Glasses / Bottles / Store Layout//

-Natalia Wawrzyniak 996285540 - Mohammed Macki - 996451370

// Subject: 80 year old, partially blind, partially deaf, who need arthritis medication. //

// Assumption: Medication is not over the counter and there are different brands of the medications //

We first wanted to focus on the collection of our data. We decided to hire an actor of the same components of the subject. We then placed glasses on them with a camera and microphone. The camera is used to watch the moving behavior of the subject and the microphone was used to record the sounds and words coming out of the subject’s mouth.

The second piece of information that we thought was important was the structure of the store and shelf. We know that the medication is used for individuals with arthritis so we placed the different brands categorized by vertical placement on the shelf. The reason for that is so both tall and short individuals could reach the medication. Individuals with arthritis may have difficulty with mobility so it is important to make it more accessible for them.

We were also concerned with the colour. We chose red since it is the most attentive colour to the human eye. We also organized the pharmacy by colour and created the arthritis shelf to be red. Thus colour coding. In addition to enhancing the shelf is by creating a microphone that reads out the corresponding shelf with reading out the brands of medication.

For the bottle of the design, we decided to create a more oval rectangular bottle with rubber grips. By making a larger gripped bottle, someone with arthritis may have an easier way of grasping the bottle. A second concern we had with typical medical bottles is the lid. Although we wanted to keep it child proof, it had to be easy enough for someone with arthritis to open the bottle. That is why we created a two-step process lid that the individual needs to push in two button that need to be pressed in a certain sequence. If they get this correct, the lid simply can be slid off.




 * Lab 4, **


 * January 30, 2010 **


 * Materials of economy**

Extraction to production to distribution to consumption to disposal.

Annie Leonard has gone into the real world to study with process of the “materials of economy” and found some interesting and shocking data.


 * Extraction:**

When we create materials, we need to get them from somewhere and when we pull these materials from the earth, we are damaging it. This includes moving areas (building islands), cutting down trees, using precious water and in turn ruining and changing natural habitats. There however is an issue because the earth has only so much to give and we are running out of resources. According to Leonard, “in the past three decades alone, one-third of the planet’s natural resource base have been consumed”. We are using too much in an amount of time that could not be replenished.


 * Production:**

The next step after the extraction process is the production process. Now this step in the “materials of economy” is considered quite dangerous because of all the release of toxins. They are being found everywhere, in our homes and even our bodies. What is even more mind blogging is the fact that we put them into the things we use everywhere. Leonard’s best example of this is the fact that these toxins are found in our pillows that we sleep on “for 8 hours” (Leonard, 8).


 * Distribution:**

The next step in the materials of economy cycle is the distribution section where people working in this part of the cycle are affected. They are not paid adequately and as Leonard puts it “we aren’t really paying for the stuff we buy”. Things are created in such small amounts of capital that individuals in third world countries pay for it with their resources and health. It is quite devastating to see that although things seem so cheap in the market, people are sacrificing the very basics of life to provide for themselves and their families and are hurt in the process.


 * Consumption:**

The next cycle is consumption. The whole cycle is driven by this section since things are affordable and in mass quantities, thus people continue to buy. The North American lifestyle has been “designed” to consume more than ever before in history. It is pre-determined to us from the day we are born to spend more and purchase more. We can see this through advertisements and targeted marketing. One way the industry deals with demand, is by making objects obsolete. Many things are designed to break after a certain of time but this is not fast enough so the industry designs objects to not be in “style” anymore. This is done through the media and advertisements.


 * Disposal:**

Since we collect so many objects, there’s only so much room that can fit into our households (unless you are a hoarder). The next place it goes to is the garbage. According to Leonard we make twice as much garbage as we did thirty years ago. Therefore, now we are dealing with the pollution of our land (by dumping garbage into a hole) or polluting the air by releasing toxins. One scary thought is that through the incineration process, dioxin is released. According to Leonard, this is the “most toxin man made substance known to science”. What a scary thought. Therefore not only is it important to recycle but to reduce our consumption overall.

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**Lab 3 ** ===== **January 23, 2010 **

//1. Describe Jan Chipchase's prior job (he now works at frog design [] ) in relation to his work at Nokia. What are the two names he is given in the article? (3 paragraphs) //

// 2. “It’s really quite striking,” Hammond says. “What people are voting for with their pocketbooks, as soon as they have more money and even before their basic needs are met, is telecommunications.” (World Resources Institute) // // In the spirit of this quote, describe four instances of how owning a cellphone enables users to better their lives. (4 paragraphs/ one for each instance) //

1. Jan Chipchase’s current job is at Frog Design where here is an “Executive Creative Director of Global Insights”. Jan Chipchase previously worked at Nokia as a “human-behaviour researcher” or sometimes refereed to as a “user anthropologist”.

His job was to go around the world and observe individuals in their natural environment that included elements such as environment, culture, and habits. By placing himself into their world, he was able to observe their everyday normal activities and then document through photography and writing. Once he gathers the information and analyzes it, he sends it back to technologists and describes to them of their findings. Another major component of cell phone research Nokia does is reverse engineering. They take phones from these areas and take them apart to see how they were built.

His work was used to gather information regarding human behavior and what makes them react them the way they do. By understanding the needs of customers, you can design something that they are willing to use and therefore have greater sales. One example of a discovery that Chipchase observed was that regions that had amounts of rain would want to have cell phones with hooks to keep them dry. He observed this because many of the individuals would not leave things on the floor when the rains came in. One main important piece of information he gathered was that individuals were using their cell phone’s as a piece of identity. Individuals used their phone numbers as a new way of a home address, which they placed on top of main door.

2. Identity

a) When an individual has a phone, they are able to create a name for themselves and use their phone number as an extension of their identity. The same way you could go to someone’s house and find their house through their address, someone can contact you through your phone number. Many individuals in India are actually using their cell phone number as their home address where they write their number on their houses as a way of identification.

Instantaneous Information / Communication

b) Having a cell enables individuals to receive instantaneous information right away. This includes both spreading and acquiring information. This is extremely valuable to individuals who perhaps cannot read but can still communication through the phone. For users who have access to wireless internet or data, there is the ability to for users to use social network sites and keep in touch with their friends and family. The cell phone works as their personal computers.

c) Mini Computer Computers are quite expensive and cell phones can be a cheaper substitution. A cell phone can behave a mini computer whether that be keeping track of contacts or creating documents. There are applications that cell phones offer allow individuals to keep track of important things in their lives, whether that be grocery lists or schedules.

d) Mobile Financing

I think what is really important about cell phone is mobile financing. Individuals can use their phones to keep track of their finances. Whether that be transferring funds or simply monitoring purchases and incomes. It allows the individual to be more financially independent.

- Natalia Wawrzyniak 996285540

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**<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Lab 2 ** =====

<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">//Which product interests you the most, and why?//

<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">I believe the ceramic water filter is quite interesting because of the great amount of good the item produces. The ceramic water filter creates safe drinking water. Approximately 1.1 billion people do not have access to safe drinking water (World Water Council). By creating a product with great affordability and cause, the individuals using the item decrease their chances of becoming sick (along with decreasing medical expenses) and therefore have the ability to attend school or work.

<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">The item does not require any other source of power such as electricity. It is simply the combination of the filtration quality of the ceramic material and the anti-bacteriological capabilities of the colloidal silver that do all the water filtration. As shown in the image, the pot simply stands on its own without further assistance. The design is therefore simple, cost-affordable, low to none maintenance, effective and of course enhances the livelihood of those who do not have access to safe drinking water.

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 0px;">[|42.jpg]

<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">//Which category would interest you to research further for your group project and why?//

<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">I believe **Health** would be interesting to conduct further research on because it not only affects the physical or mental health of the individuals, it decreases a person’s productivity which could result in a lack of income. This could have staggering results on the family if the breadwinner falls ill.

<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Another reason to why I think it would be would interesting to conduct further research on health is because there is a connection between health and the nation’s economy. Having a financially stable economy affects the livelihood of everyone in that particular nation. A country and its people should be able to sustain themselves. Charity and help are amazing but I believe helping someone help themselves can have greater results. This brings me to my next point since health correlates to productivity. If an individual falls ill, not only can they not work but they are also not contributing to the economy. If one of the biggest issues of a nation is the health of their people then individuals cannot go to school (or simply work) to attain a better education to contribute to their nation’s economy. It is a vicious cycle that can be stopped with cost affordable and efficient designs.

<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">- Natalia Wawrzyniak <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">January 13th 2011 <span style="display: block; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-weight: normal;">

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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Jonathan Ives is a British born designer and is currently the Senior Vice President of Industrial Design at Apple Inc. in Cupertino, California who reporedlty works 70 hour weeks. He is very passionate about design and works closely with a "tight-knit" group of designers. He has designed Apple products from the successful iMacs to iPod nanos. Steve Jobs and Jonathan Ives can be seen as the forefront players at Apple and Ives is thought to be a good next CEO candidate once Jobs were to step down. He believes designing is process of understanding why things work they way they do and how they can be improved through simplicity and efficiency. =====

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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> He explains his theory of "undesign" as having a successful design that is goes unnoticed because it simply works. He designs every Apple product by eliminating discrepancies and creating a greater connection between the user and technology (processes). The details of the product are created from "fact" and react well to each other and the consumer. Ives's process is by designing from the outside in. Ives uses his "undesign" theory by designing Apple products with the utmost simplicity. He uses the example of creating the Macbook Air. Him and his team attempted to use the most least amount of parts to reduce complexity and room for error. Ives further explains that many competitors have the issue of design because they are trying to show off the designs of their products and technologies. This creates too much confusion and lack of elegance. =====